南方财经全媒体见习记者谢鸿州 广州报道
This week, U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo concluded a four-day visit to China. This is the fourth high-level U.S. official to visit the country in the past three months.
美国商务部长雷蒙多在本周进行了为期四天的中国之行。这是今年6月以来第四位访华的美国政要。
When meeting with Raimondo, Chinese Premier Li Qiang on Tuesday said the economic and trade relations between China and the U.S. are mutually beneficial and win-win in nature.
在会见美国商务部长雷蒙多时，国务院总理李强指出，中美经贸关系的本质是互利共赢。
And earlier on Monday, Chinese Commerce Minister Wang Wentao and the visiting U.S. Commerce Secretary announced the establishment of new communication channels between China's Ministry of Commerce and the U.S. Department of Commerce.
在28日，商务部部长王文涛与美国商务部长雷蒙多举行会谈，宣布在中美两国商务部之间建立新的沟通渠道。
The two sides also initiated an export control information exchange mechanism, and agreed to exchange information on export control in accordance with their respective laws.
此外，双方还启动了出口管制信息交流机制。双方将按照各自法律，就出口管制信息进行交流。
For more insights into China-US economic ties, we talked to Michael Hart, the president of the American Chamber of Commerce in China, who has also met with Secretary Raimondo during her visit. He told us, he was pleased to see the success of the visit and the new communication channels are very positive development for both sides.
针对中美经贸关系，我们专访了中国美国商会总裁何迈可，他在美国商务部长雷蒙多访华期间也和她见了面。何迈可告诉我们，他很高兴看到这次访问取得成功，新的沟通渠道对双方来说都是非常积极的发展。
Hart said, “any conversation is a good conversation. So we're pleased that more conversations are being had. Not only were their meetings in Beijing, but there was a commitment to have additional meetings, and we see that as a really positive thing.”
何迈可表示：“任何对话都是一次好的对话。因此，我们很高兴双方正在进行更多对话。中美双方不仅在北京刚见了面，而且还承诺将举行更多会面，我们认为这是一件非常积极的事情。”
SFC Markets and Finance: Good evening Michael, it’s great to have you here with us. How would you comment on the development of US Commerce Secretary Raimondo’s visit? How do you think it will help boost business ties between the two countries, especially under still tense relations?
《全球财经连线》：晚上好，何迈可总裁。很高兴您能参加我们的节目。您对美国商务部长雷蒙多本周的访华有何评价？您认为这将如何推动两国之间的经贸关系，特别是在双边关系依然紧张的背景下？
Michael Hart: Yes. Number one, we were very happy to see Secretary Raimondo here. Our view is that this is the fourth visit of a cabinet level member in the last just over two months. So that's positive. Number two, we actually see this as a reciprocal visit, because Chinese Minister of Commerce Wang Wentao was recently in Washington D.C. And so what we're hoping is that the success of this visit will encourage even more Chinese officials to go to the US.
何迈可：是的，首先，我们非常高兴看到雷蒙多部长来访。我们的看法是，这是过去两个多月来第四位访问的内阁级官员。所以这是非常积极的。其次，我们实际上将这视为一次互惠访问，因为中国商务部部长王文涛最近也到访了华盛顿。因此我们希望这次访问的成功，能够鼓励更多的中国官员访问美国。
Michael Hart: In this case, Secretary Raimondo and Wang Wentao set up a two channels of communication, as far as we understand. One was a general dialogue on commercial related issues. The second was specific to export controls, which, of course, are very concerning for the Chinese. So we are very pleased to see this mechanism, or these mechanisms, being set up. And we actually thought it was a very positive visit that Secretary Raimondo has had to China.
何迈可：这一次的访问据我们了解，雷蒙多部长和王文涛部长建立了两个沟通渠道。一个是关于商业问题的一般性对话。第二个则是关于出口管制的具体问题，这当然对中国来说是非常关切的。所以我们很高兴看到这些机制的建立。实际上，我们认为雷蒙多部长此次访华有非常积极的意义。
SFC Markets and Finance: How effective do you think these new communication channels will work for the business ties between China and the US?
《全球财经连线》：您认为这些新的沟通渠道将如何推动中美之间的经贸关系？
Michael Hart: So first, we usually say any conversations a good conversation, so we're pleased that more conversations are being had. Also, these discussion channels set some benchmarks. So who's going to be talking and when they're going to be talking. And so of course, the first meeting was Tuesday in Beijing, and then there will be another discussion next spring. The two secretaries have committed to speaking at least once a year. So in that sense, not only were their meetings in Beijing, but there was a commitment to have additional meetings, and we see that as a really positive thing.
何迈可：首先，通常我们会说，任何对话都是一次好的对话，所以我们很高兴看到有更多的对话。此外，这些沟通渠道设定了一些标准，包括谁将进行交谈，以及何时进行交谈。当然，中美这一次对话是这周在北京举行的，接下来将在明年举行另一次对话。两位部长承诺每年至少进行一次对话。因此从这个意义上说，中美双方不仅在北京刚见了面，而且还承诺将举行更多会面，我们认为这是一件非常积极的事情。
SFC Markets and Finance: And ahead of Raimondo's visit, the US Commerce Department announced the removal of 27 Chinese entities from its so called “unverified list”. So what's your comment on this?
《全球财经连线》：在雷蒙多访华前夕，美国商务部宣布将27个中国实体从“未经验证清单”中剔除。您对此有何评价？
Michael Hart: Yeah, I think it's important to understand how the mechanism works. When there are companies that the US government has a question about, they can be placed on some of these lists, and then with verification, they can be removed if they meet certain requirements. And so not a lot of people realize, but there have been visits back and forth to do inspections, and so when those companies passed the inspections, then they were removed from the “unverified list”. So I think that should be seen as you know, the US does put some companies on there when there's concerns about national security, but when those companies are cleared, then they can be taken off the “unverified list”. So I think it means, number one, this is how the mechanism works. I think it's important to understand it. Number two, it does mean that companies can be removed. And so I think, you know, this is the sort of thing that this dialogue on export controls can help to make both sides understand and to find ways to work through these issues.
何迈可：是的，我认为理解这个机制的运作方式很重要。当美国政府对某些公司产生疑问时，它们可以被列入某些名单中，然后经过验证，如果满足某些要求，就可以被移出名单。因此很多人没有意识到，实际上已经进行了多次的检查，当这些公司通过检查时，它们就会被从“未经验证清单”中移除。因此，我认为应该看到，第一，这就是机制的运作方式，我认为理解这一点很重要。第二，这意味着公司是可以被移出清单的。所以我认为，这次新建立的关于出口管制的沟通渠道就可以帮助双方增进理解，并找到解决这些问题的方法。
SFC Markets and Finance: US President Biden's ban on US tech investment in China and export restrictions are still active. So what’s you take on that and how much do you think it affects the bilateral trade and investment, and also what it does to global supply chain?
《全球财经连线》：美国总统拜登签署的对华投资限令和对华出口管制仍在生效。您认为这对双边贸易和投资产生多大影响？此外，您认为这对全球供应链会有何影响？
Michael Hart: You know, secretary Raimondo said, and Secretary Yellen said before her, the vast majority of things that US and China trade are not related to national security. The vast majority of our trade is not impacted by these export controls. And as she said, you know, national security is something that China won’t compromise on and the US won’t compromise on, until I think that we need to again define those terms, explain what the issues are, and then move forward with the trade that we can do, which builds goodwill.
何迈可：雷蒙多部长说过，而在她之前，耶伦部长也说过，美国与中国之间贸易的绝大多数都与国家安全无关。我们贸易的绝大多数部分不受这些出口管制的影响。正如她所说，国家安全对中国来说是不会妥协的，对美国也是如此。我认为我们需要重新去定义范围，解释问题所在，然后继续进行我们能够做的贸易，逐渐建立双方的诚意。
SFC Markets and Finance: Raimondo made a stop at Shanghai to meet American business representatives and AmCham in Shanghai as well. So what information could you give us on this?
《全球财经连线》：雷蒙多此访在上海停留了一天，与美国商业代表和中美商会上海分会进行了会面。您能给我们介绍一下相关的情况吗？
Michael Hart: Right. So in Beijing, AmCham China had a number of good meetings with the Secretary. There were a couple of business roundtables. You're right. She's doing a repeat of that in Shanghai, meeting some US businesses there. She's also going to visit some US companies there. So in one sense, it's really good, because Secretary Raimondo meets US business leaders in the United States. She understands from them how China plays specifically into their global strategy. And here, she's been able to meet business leaders to understand what the challenges are that US businesses have here. As she said repeatedly, she thinks it's very important for US businesses to be trading in China. And so this gives her a deep look. When I met her, she went around the table and said, let me understand how you see China as an opportunity, and let me understand what are issues that make doing business here difficult. Because she's going to take that feedback and give that to, either, her counterpart, Wang Wentao or to other leaders with the goal of making sure that the US and China can continue to trade in a way that benefits both groups.
何迈可：没错。在北京，中美商会与雷蒙多已经进行了多次富有成效的会议，进行了一些商业圆桌会议。你说得对，她在上海也进行了类似的活动，与一些美国企业进行了会面。她也参观了一些美国公司。从某种意义上说，这非常好，因为雷蒙多部长在美国会见了美国商业领袖，从他们那里了解到中国如何在他们的全球战略中发挥作用。而在这里，她能够会见企业领袖，了解美国企业在这里面临什么样的挑战。正如她一再强调的，她认为美国企业在中国进行贸易是非常重要的。因此，这使她能够深入了解情况。当我见到她时，她绕着桌子走了一大圈来问我，问我如何看待中国的机遇，问我在中国做生意有什么挑战。因为她将收集这些反馈，传达给中方的领导，或者传达给其他领导，吗，目的是确保美中两国能够继续以互惠互利的方式进行贸易。
SFC Markets and Finance: We also learned that from the statistics from the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, overall foreign direct investment to China also dropped in the first seven months. And the Chinese government in recent months has also been reaching out to a lot of foreign businesses in China. So what's the current attitude of American business in the Chinese market?
《全球财经连线》：我们还从中国商务部的数据中了解到，2023年1-7月全国实际使用外资金额折合同比下降。而且近几个月来，中国政府也一直在加大吸引外商投资力度。那么，美国企业目前是如何看待中国市场的？
Michael Hart: So I think there's at least two different questions here. The first one is businesses who are in China. So AmCham China members continue to tell us that China is an important market for them. And the vast majority of our companies, I think more than 70% in our last survey, said they're not planning to leave China. So the US companies who are here, the vast majority, plan to continue to stay here, and China is an important part of their market. That's the first piece.
何迈可：我认为这里至少有两个不同的方面。第一个问题是那些在中国的美国企业。中国美国商会的成员一直告诉我们，中国是他们重要的市场。在我们最近的一项调查中，超过70%的公司表示他们没有计划离开中国。所以那些在中国的美国企业，绝大多数计划继续留在这里，中国是他们市场的重要组成部分。这是第一个方面。
The second piece is FDI has fallen. And what that means is there aren't many new companies coming. There's not many new contracts being signed. On the one hand, that's not terribly surprising. With three years of COVID controls, it meant that business leaders could not visit. If they can't visit, they can't start new investment project. So I think the FDI fall is more a result of the COVID closedown, and now that things are open again, we expect that the number will actually increase. So as more people can visit, they can start new investment projects. Now, you ask about the Chinese government looking to encourage FDI. The Chinese government recently in early August, released which called the 24 Measures, a list of issues that China was going to address to try to improve the investment environment. We certainly applaud that list going together. We believe that a number of those items reflects questions our companies have had. And so again, we think that the 24 Measures, additional travel, all of those things certainly allow for the potential for new investment. And if that happens, we'll see the FDI numbers start to rise back up.
第二个方面是，外国直接投资（FDI）下降了。这意味着没有太多新公司进入中国市场，没有太多新合同签订。 这其实并不是特别令人惊讶。由于长达三年的疫情限制，导致外国企业领导没法来华。如果他们不能过来，就无法启动新的投资项目。因此，外国直接投资的下降更多是新冠疫情的结果，现在随着局势再次开放，我们预计这个数字实际上会增加。随着更多外国企业可以来访，他们可以启动新的投资项目。你还提到中国政府鼓励外商直接投资。中国政府最近在8月初发布的“24条”，这是一个中国将要解决的问题清单，以改善投资环境。我们当然对这个清单表示赞赏。我们相信其中有一些项目反映了我们的企业所关注的问题。因此，我们认为这24条措施、更多的人员往来等，都为新投资提供了潜在机会。如果情况顺利的话，我们会看到外商直接投资的数字开始回升。
SFC Markets and Finance: In what ways do you think the 24 Measures can help foreign business in China?
《全球财经连线》：您认为“24条”将如何帮助在华外商？
Michael Hart: Yeah, there are a whole host of questions that different companies have, but the 24 Measures did highlight some consistencies. So one of the concerns that companies had was that China's preferential tax policy was about to expire at the end of this year. We've just gotten clear, the last couple of days, that it will be extended for, I think, another four years. So that's positive. Other items that were on the 24 Measures list included things like data and how data is managed. Also IP protection, and I think travel may have been mentioned as well, but a number of things that have been a hurdle for foreign investment into China.
何迈可：是的，不同的公司确实有许多困难，但是这24条措施确实突显了一些共性。其中一个公司关心的问题是，中国的优惠税收政策将在今年年底到期。在过去几天里，我们刚刚获悉这个政策将会延长。这是积极的消息。24条措施清单上还包括诸如数据及其管理方式，知识产权保护，可能还提到了出入境等内容，这些都是对外国投资进入中国构成障碍的一些因素。
SFC Markets and Finance: And we know that Raimondo also wants to boost travel and tourism between the two countries. And she met with the Chinese Minister of Culture and tourism. So how important, do you think, is tourism cooperation and cultural exchanges for both countries?
《全球财经连线》：我们知道雷蒙多也希望促进两国之间的旅游交流。她还会见了中国文旅部部长胡和平。那么你认为旅游合作和文化交流对两国来说有多重要呢？
Michael Hart: Yeah, I mean, I'll start by saying we think travel is really key for at least four big groups. Number one is business people coming back and forth. We've seen more of that this year. Number two, governments. And again, Raimondo's visit is part of that. We'd love to also see US legislators coming this direction. We'd love to see more Chinese officials going that way. So that's business and government. The next one is students. We certainly love to see more US students coming to study in China. And the fourth, which you mentioned, is tourism. We think tourism is very beneficial. We think it's great when folks from China go to the US or the reverse. It certainly allows us to humanize each other, to understand that we have a lot in common, and to enjoy, as you say, the cultural aspects, and also to put money in each other's economies. It's very important to get tourists here to spend money to help the economy. That would again, be beneficial for both groups.
何迈可：是的，首先，我们认为旅游对至少有四个重要群体至关重要。第一是商务人士来往访问，今年我们看到了更多这样的情况。第二是政府层面，雷蒙多的访问就是其中的一部分。我们也希望能看到美国议员前来访问中国。我们也希望看到更多中国官员去访问美国。所以这涉及到商业和政府之间的交往。下一个重要群体是学生。我们当然希望能看到更多的美国学生来中国留学。最后一个，正如你提到的，就是旅游。我们认为旅游是非常有益的。当中国的人们去美国旅游，或者美国人来中国旅游，都可以使我们更加了解彼此，认识到我们有很多共同之处，享受彼此的文化特色，还可以为彼此的经济有所贡献。让游客来这里消费有助于经济增长，这对于两国都是很重要的。
策划：于晓娜
监制：施诗
责任编辑：李依农
见习记者：谢鸿州
摄制：李群
设计：林军明
新媒体统筹：丁青云 曾婷芳 赖禧 黄达迅
海外运营监制: 黄燕淑
海外运营内容统筹: 张然
海外运营编辑：唐双艳 吴婉婕
海外项目经理：庄欢
海外商务合作: 黄子豪
出品：南方财经全媒体集团
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