linux系统下没有yum命令怎么解决呢？下面是具体操作步骤：
1、切换到root用户身份。普通用户切换为root用户：在终端运行命令 sudo -s。
2、检测是否安装了build-essential程序包，输入命令:apt-get install build-essential。
3、安装yum,输入命令:apt-get install yum。
4、yum安装成功即可。
以上就是小编今天的分享了，希望可以帮助到大家。
使用yum方式安装MySQL8.0
1.配置yum仓库
#更新密钥
RPM --import https://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64/
#安装MySQL8.x数据库版本的yum库
[root@dbserver ~]# rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm
获取https://dev.MySQL.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm
警告：/var/tmp/rpm-tmp.rK9iDv: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:mysql80-community-release-el7-2 ################################# [100%]
[root@dbserver ~]#
2.使用yum安装mysql8.0
[root@dbserver ~]# yum repolist |grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 206
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 94
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 367
[root@dbserver ~]#
[root@dbserver ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostFile
* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* extras: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-server.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 8.0.31-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-icu-data-files = 8.0.31-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 8.0.11，它被软件包 mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-client-plugins = 8.0.31-1.el7，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 8.0.11，它被软件包 mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 需要
---> 软件包 mysql-community-common.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mysql-community-libs.x86_64.0.8.0.31-1.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================
正在安装:
mysql-community-server x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community 64 M
为依赖而安装:
mysql-community-client x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community 16 M
mysql-community-client-plugins x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community 2.5 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community 647 k
mysql-community-icu-data-files x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community 2.1 M
mysql-community-libs x86_64 8.0.31-1.el7 mysql80-community 1.5 M
事务概要
============================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 ( 5 依赖软件包)
总下载量：87 M
安装大小：409 M
Downloading packages:
(1/6): mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.5 MB 00:00:03
(2/6): mysql-community-common-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 647 kB 00:00:00
(3/6): mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00:00
(4/6): mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 16 MB 00:00:04
(5/6): mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:00:00
(6/6): mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 64 MB 00:00:09
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 5.8 MB/s | 87 MB 00:00:14
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
** 发现 2 个已存在的 RPM 数据库问题， 'yum check' 输出如下：
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 有缺少的需求 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
正在安装 : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-common-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
正在安装 : mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
验证中 : mysql-community-server-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 1/6
验证中 : mysql-community-common-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 2/6
验证中 : mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 3/6
验证中 : mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 4/6
验证中 : mysql-community-client-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 5/6
验证中 : mysql-community-libs-8.0.31-1.el7.x86_64 6/6
已安装:
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:8.0.31-1.el7
作为依赖被安装:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 0:8.0.31-1.el7
mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:8.0.31-1.el7 mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 0:8.0.31-1.el7
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:8.0.31-1.el7
完毕！
[root@dbserver ~]#
3.安装完成后启动MySQL
[root@dbserver ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 五 2022-11-25 10:01:11 CST; 14s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 2229 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2311 (mysqld)
Status: "Server is operational"
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─2311 /usr/sbin/mysqld
11月 25 10:01:10 dbserver systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
11月 25 10:01:11 dbserver systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@dbserver ~]#
#MySQL安装完成以后，自动配置产生服务文件/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service，可以被systemctl管理
4.配置为开机自动启动
[root@dbserver ~]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld
enabled
[root@dbserver ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@dbserver ~]# more /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
# Copyright (c) 2015, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is also distributed with certain software (including
# but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms,
# as designated in a particular file or component or in included license
# documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional
# permission to link the program and your derivative works with the
# separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
#
# systemd service file for MySQL forking server
#
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=notify
# Disable service start and stop timeout logic of systemd for mysqld service.
TimeoutSec=0
# Execute pre and post scripts as root
PermissionsStartOnly=true
# Needed to create system tables
ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
# Start main service
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS
# Use this to switch malloc implementation
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
# Sets open_files_limit
LimitNOFILE = 10000
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
# Set enviroment variable MYSQLD_PARENT_PID. This is required for restart.
Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1
PrivateTmp=false
[root@dbserver ~]#
5.查看安装产生的临时密码，登录数据库
[root@dbserver ~]# grep ' temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-11-25T10:01:50.495268Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ;5?Xy,di5lP=
[root@dbserver ~]#
[root@dbserver ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.31
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the Current input statement.
mysql>
6.修改root密码
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by 'Mysql2022!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
7.配置root的简单密码
mysql>
mysql> set global validate_password.policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> set global validate_password.length=5;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified with mysql_native_password by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql>
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 8.0.31 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Connection id: 10
Current database:
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 8.0.31 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8mb4
Db characterset: utf8mb4
Client characterset: utf8mb4
Conn. characterset: utf8mb4
UNIX socket: /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Binary data as: Hexadecimal
Uptime: 10 min 27 sec
Threads: 2 Questions: 17 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 130 Flush tables: 3 Open tables: 46 Queries per second avg: 0.027
--------------
mysql>
8.允许root账户远程登录，并设置远程登录密码（此密码和root本地登录密码可以不同）
mysql> create user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '1234567';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql>
mysql> select User,Host,authentication_string from user;
------------------ ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
| User | Host | authentication_string |
------------------ ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
| root | % | *6A7A490FB9DC8C33C2B025A91737077A7E9CC5E5 |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.session | localhost | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.sys | localhost | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| root | localhost | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
------------------ ----------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> alter user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by '12345678';
[root@dbserver ~]# netstat -lantup |grep mysql
tcp6 0 0 :::33060 :::* LISTEN 2311/mysqld
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2311/mysqld
[root@dbserver ~]#
9.退出控制台
Ctrl D或者输入exit
