文化差异包括语言差异、认知差异、价值观差异、非语言沟通的差异以及沟通习惯的差异。其中语言差异是指不同语言之间具有相似性，也具有差异性，这也是人类语言的本质，在推动中华民族文化复兴以及助推国际交流与合作等多方面发挥重要作用。
认知差异指的是人们在使用语言的同时，用这种语言中所附带的社会属性比如经济、文化以及政治等构建语境，必然形成的独特思考方式，带有自己认知上的偏见或包含特定概念上的刻板印象等。
而非语言沟通的差异是指使用除语言符号之外的各种符号系统，其中包括副语言、形体语言、空间利用及沟通环境等。在沟通中内容经常通过语言来表达，非语言则作为提供解释内容的框架，来表达信息的相关部分。
一般中西方交往沟通中的差异是各种各样的，其中卷入度、行为方式、自我表现以及人格特质等方面的差异最为显著，这便是沟通习惯的差异。
美国和英国之间的文化差异 Cultural Difference
Hello my name is Emma and this is my friend Benjamin. Benjamin is another EngVid teacher who makes a lot of different lessons on different English topics
你好，我的名字是艾玛，这是我的朋友本杰明本杰明是另一位EngVid老师，他在不同的英语主题上做了很多不同的课程
so today is a special lesson um where we are going to be talking about where we're from and some of the cultural differences we've noticed between north america and the UK
所以今天是一个特别的教训，我们将在这里谈论我们来自哪里，以及我们注意到北美和英国之间的一些文化差异
okay so Benjamin can you tell us where you're from of course i'm from the southwest of the uk from a county called Devon next to Cornwall okay you've been to the UK you've visited London and bath I've
好吧，所以本杰明你能告诉我们你来自哪里，当然我来自英国西南部，来自康沃尔郡旁边的一个叫德文郡的县，好吧，你去过英国，你去过伦敦和巴斯，我去过
visited all over the uk and while i was there i noticed a lot of differences between our cultures now bath as you said was one of the words we had in the other video we've made where we're looking
访问了整个英国，当我在那里时，我注意到我们的文化之间有很多差异，现在洗澡，正如你所说，这是我们在另一个视频中所做的一个词
at the the differences in how we speak so um in British English especially in rp it's often bath but in other accents of the UK that's something totally different but that's something
在我们如何说英国英语的差异中，特别是在rp中，它经常是洗澡，但在英国的其他口音中，这是完全不同的东西，但这是一些东西
we explore in that other video but it's great that you've been over to the uk and i'm certainly really enjoying being in Canada is a fantastic place to visit so how long have you been here
我们在其他视频中探索，但很高兴你去过英国，我当然真的很享受在加拿大是一个很棒的地方，所以你在这里呆了多久了
for I've been here for just under a week okay and have you ever been to the united states before I have yes i'd love to go to New York and I've never been there I've been to um Los Angeles san
因为我已经在这里呆了不到一个星期了，好吧，你有没有去过美国，之前我有，是的，我很想去纽约，我从来没有去过那里，我去过嗯洛杉矶San
Francisco San Diego um I've got a friend who has a horse ranch out in new mexico so I've spent some time out there with him okay and the reason i'm asking Benjamin this is because um we're looking
弗朗西斯科圣地亚哥嗯，我有一个朋友在新墨西哥州有一个马场，所以我花了一些时间和他在一起，好吧，我问本杰明的原因是因为嗯，我们正在寻找
at the general out or what is generally similar in north america because there are differences between canada and the united states but there are a lot of similarities between canada and
在北美的一般出来或大致相似的地方，因为加拿大和美国之间存在差异，但加拿大和
the united states so i'm going to talk about um what happens in north america in terms of culture and we can also talk about how it's different from british culture of course okay so let's
美国，所以我要谈谈北美在文化方面发生了什么，我们也可以谈谈它与英国文化的不同之处，当然好吧，所以让我们
look at some points on how um our cultures might differ a little bit um let's start with small talk in the uk what kinds of things do you talk about when you meet somebody for the first time um well
看看我们的文化可能略有不同的一些观点 嗯，让我们从英国的闲聊开始 当你第一次见到某人时，你会谈论什么样的事情 嗯嗯嗯
my wife would probably tell me that i'm terrible at small talk but uh i'll try and answer that question i think it depends uh who you're with and where you're with and what stage um in your life
我的妻子可能会告诉我，我在闲聊中很糟糕，但呃，我会试着回答这个问题，我认为这取决于你和谁在一起，你和你在一起，你和什么阶段在一起，你生活中的哪个阶段
you're at whether you've got children or whether you're fresh out of university you're going to have different interests according to that stage that you're at in your life but i think there are
无论你是否有孩子，或者你是否刚从大学毕业，你都会根据你生活中的那个阶段有不同的兴趣，但我认为有
going to be similarities that i mean it's a gender stereotype that guys like talking about sports but certainly quite a few do of course there are cosmopolitan and cultured people who
这将是相似之处，我的意思是这是一种性别刻板印象，男人喜欢谈论体育，但当然有相当多的人当然有世界性和有文化的人
like talking about the arts and people who are more interested in talking about the countryside so i think it just depends on on the person and what their interests are okay from a north
喜欢谈论艺术和更有兴趣谈论乡村的人，所以我认为这取决于人以及他们的兴趣从北方可以做什么
american perspective um like you're saying it also differs but i would say some of the major things people talk with uh strangers or acquaintances about is work is very common topic
美国人的观点嗯，就像你说的，它也不同，但我会说一些主要的事情，人们与呃陌生人或熟人谈论的是工作是非常普遍的话题
the weather sports and i would say tv shows we often ask people what shows are you following or what movies have you seen lately well we love to talk about the weather um in the UK
天气运动，我会说电视节目，我们经常问人们你关注什么节目，或者你最近看过什么电影，我们喜欢谈论英国的天气
the weather is constantly changing and often the weather forecasts are wildly inaccurate um so um you know and one of the things we're going to talk about here is positivity versus
天气在不断变化，通常天气预报非常不准确，所以嗯，你知道，我们在这里要谈论的一件事是积极性与
um grumbling and moaning and the weather is a constant source of uh of moaning it's either too hot or it's too cold it's never the right weather okay so that's interesting if you visit either
嗯，抱怨和呻吟，天气是呻吟的恒定来源，它要么太热，要么太冷，它永远不会是正确的天气，所以如果你访问，这很有趣
north america or the uk um the weather is a great topic for um talking to strangers about it's perfect for small talk yeah that and asking how to get somewhere um there's a fantastic book written
北美或英国嗯，天气是一个很好的话题，嗯，和陌生人谈论它非常适合闲聊，是的，问如何到达某个地方嗯，有一本很棒的书写
by bill Bronson called notes from a small island in which he tours around the whole of the UK and he talks about how you can spend hours talking to someone about how to get from a to b and which
比尔·布赖森（Bill Bryson）从一个小岛上打电话给笔记，他在整个英国巡回演出，他谈到了如何花几个小时与某人谈论如何从a到b以及哪个
road and b324 is going to be slightly slower at this time of day and yeah we love talking about roads that's so funny because i would imagine just with um GPS or google maps those conversations
在一天中的这个时候，道路和b324会稍微慢一点，是的，我们喜欢谈论道路，这很有趣，因为我会想象只是用um GPS或谷歌地图这些对话
might be shorter now um yes but you know it's all British people um can be stereotyped just liking to moan and the slow traffic is certainly a source for grumbling and complaining okay
现在可能更短嗯，是的，但你知道这都是英国人嗯，可以刻板印象只是喜欢呻吟，缓慢的交通肯定是抱怨和抱怨的来源好吧
um so let's talk about maybe some other things we might talk about i mentioned that north Americans often talk about work one of the first questions we ask somebody is what do you do
嗯，所以让我们谈谈我们可能谈论的其他一些事情，我提到北美人经常谈论工作，我们问别人的第一个问题是你做什么
you know tell me about your job tell me about your work is this the same in the uk um i think that would come across as being quite upfront um i think we would want to get into that
你知道告诉我你的工作告诉我你的工作是一样的在英国嗯，我认为这会被认为是相当坦率的嗯，我想我们会想进入那个
conversation more sort of gently yeah of course if you're meeting someone that will come out but um it just has to be sort of approached in a kind of gentle manner i would say um
谈话更温和，当然，如果你遇到一个会出来的人，但嗯，它只是必须以一种温和的方式接近，我会说嗯
certainly some of my friends prefer not to talk about work when when they're out socializing um so no it's not generally the first question you would ask it would be more like where are you from
当然，我的一些朋友不喜欢谈论工作，当他们外出社交时，所以不，这通常不是你会问的第一个问题，它更像是你来自哪里
um which yeah you know i would say okay so maybe that's one difference we talk a lot about work in north america uh actually another question about that can you talk about salaries and how
嗯，是的，你知道我会说好吧，所以也许这是一个区别，我们谈论了很多关于北美工作的问题，呃，实际上另一个问题，你可以谈谈薪水和如何
much money you make definitely not no absolutely not okay you cannot talk about that in north america either we never ask each other how much money do you make that would be inappropriate
你赚了很多钱绝对不是没有绝对不行你不能谈论在北美，我们从不问对方你赚了多少钱，这将是不合适的
yeah um i mean i'd say even with sort of brother-in-law's and sister-in-laws it would be um slightly invasive and i would agree to that from a north american perspective
是的，嗯，我的意思是，我会说，即使有姐夫和嫂子，它也会有点侵入性，我会同意从北美的角度来看
um okay so we've talked a bit about small talk um one other thing i wanted to ask about work is um I've heard that people in the UK get a lot more vacation days so in north america the norm is
嗯，好吧，所以我们已经谈到了一些关于闲聊的事情，我想问的另一件事是关于工作，嗯，我听说英国人有更多的假期，所以在北美，常态是
two weeks of vacation um some people get a little bit more they might get three weeks but in general it's two or three weeks is this the same in the uk six weeks in the uk yeah we love the holidays
两周的假期嗯，有些人得到一点点，他们可能会得到三周，但总的来说，这是两到三周，这在英国是一样的，在英国六周是的，我们喜欢假期
people take time off i mean that that's that standard that's not for um everyone some people certainly have a lot less than that and if you're working as a freelancer then obviously
人们请假，我的意思是，这是不是每个人的标准，有些人肯定比这少得多，如果你是一名自由职业者，那么显然
the notion of holiday is doesn't really exist because you only get paid when you're working so but i would say generally speaking we have more holiday people like to have a summer holiday
假期的概念并不存在，因为你只有在工作时才会得到报酬，但我想说的是，一般来说，我们有更多的假期的人喜欢暑假
maybe they take their kids somewhere um i mean they're also great holidays that can be taken in the uk um if you want to go camping or beach holidays um where i'm from the south west is uh
也许他们把他们的孩子带到某个地方，我的意思是他们也是很棒的假期，可以在英国度过，如果你想去露营或海滩度假，嗯，我来自西南部，是呃
quite a traditional place to go on holiday and um we've got great surfing up in the north coast of Devon um some lovely walking on Dartmoor um two national parks it's you know they're
一个相当传统的地方去度假，嗯，我们在德文郡北海岸冲浪很棒，在达特穆尔um两个国家公园散步很愉快，你知道他们是
you can stay in the UK on holiday but if you really want some sun then people hop on a plane and go down into southern Europe okay so maybe that might be another difference
你可以留在英国度假，但如果你真的想要一些阳光，那么人们跳上飞机，进入南欧，所以也许这可能是另一个区别
is what is common for vacations in Canada as well as in the united states camping is very popular we often go camping um you know where we set up a tent we have like the fire going
是在加拿大和美国度假的常见现象 露营非常受欢迎 我们经常去露营 嗯 你知道我们在哪里搭建帐篷 我们有像火一样
we look at the stars grizzly bears grizzly bears are a thing for sure lots of wildlife um but because Canada and the united states are both very large countries it's not so common to go
我们看星星灰熊灰熊是肯定的很多野生动物嗯，但因为加拿大和美国都是非常大的国家，所以去并不常见
to like Germany or Italy or France or to other countries just because um it's very costly so you might get these vacations but they're not so frequent i would say yeah it's
喜欢德国或意大利或法国或其他国家，只是因为嗯，它非常昂贵，所以你可能会得到这些假期，但他们不是那么频繁，我会说是的，这是
i was speaking to the cameraman yesterday and he was telling me about sometimes he goes off with like a friend and they sort of drag boats behind them and have their sort of food on their back
我昨天和摄影师说话，他告诉我有时他像朋友一样离开，他们有点拖着船在他们身后，背上他们的食物
and i think there's definitely a really great exploration of the wilderness out here in canada and my aunt and uncle have caught a train from toronto out to vancouver and uh your railway is
我认为在加拿大这里绝对有一个非常棒的荒野探索，我的阿姨和叔叔已经从多伦多坐火车到温哥华，呃，你的铁路是
famed as being particularly beautiful lots of people in the uk would like to come to canada it's on a lot of people's bucket list as being a great place to go and it's the same with a lot of
以特别美丽而闻名，英国的很多人都想来加拿大，它在很多人的愿望清单上，是一个很棒的地方，而且很多都是一样的
Canadians would like to go to Britain i think because it's so nice to um see the culture see a lot of the historical buildings it's quite different in many different ways what did you
加拿大人想去英国，我想因为很高兴看到文化看到很多历史建筑，它在很多不同方面都有很大的不同，你做了什么
think of bath when you went there so i went to a small city called bot bath i would pronounce it as bath um i loved it it was just so beautiful it reminded me of a Jane Austen novel like i felt
当你去那里时，想到浴缸，所以我去了一个叫bot bath的小城市，我会把它发音为浴缸，我喜欢它，它是如此美丽，它让我想起了一本简·奥斯汀的小说，就像我感觉的那样
like i was traveling back in time well there is the Jane Austen museum there and i think she wrote some of her novels in bath yeah i actually visited that museum and then a big Jane Austen fan so um
就像我回到了过去，那里有简奥斯汀博物馆，我认为她在浴缸里写了一些小说，是的，我实际上参观了那个博物馆，然后一个大简奥斯汀粉丝，所以嗯
you know it was amazing um yeah that there are some lovely places to visit in the uk i think being a bit biased from the southwest you've got bath Bristol exeter really attractive towns um
你知道这是惊人的嗯，是的，在英国有一些可爱的地方可以参观，我认为从西南部有点偏见，你有巴斯布里斯托尔埃克塞特真的很有吸引力的城镇嗯
a lot of people make the mistake of just going to london um and london is much more expensive than the rest of the city the rest of the country and yes there are some fantastic things to do
很多人犯了一个错误，只是去伦敦嗯，伦敦比全国其他地方的城市要贵得多，是的，有一些奇妙的事情要做
in london we've got amazing world-class museums that are mainly free to get into it's very it's reasonably easy to get around the city excellent transport network um the west end but there's more
在伦敦，我们有令人惊叹的世界级博物馆，主要是免费进入它，在城市周围很容易到达，西端的交通网络很好，但还有更多
outside of the city um so if you're going to the uk hop on a train and go to places like york or um i don't know if you want to see the alternative scene go down to brighton
在城外嗯，所以如果你要去英国跳上火车，去约克或乌姆这样的地方，我不知道你是否想看到另一个场景去布莱顿
um there's lots to see wow um so we've talked about vacations now and it sounds like there's a lot to do in England there's a lot to do in Canada the united states um one of the other differences
嗯，有很多值得一看的地方哇嗯，所以我们现在已经谈到了假期，听起来在英国有很多事情要做，在加拿大有很多事情要做，在美国嗯，这是其他区别之一
i would say between north american culture and British culture is the sports people watch and follow would you say that's correct yes um ice hockey hasn't really caught on uh back home um
我会说在北美文化和英国文化之间是人们观看和关注的体育，你会说这是正确的吗，是的，嗯，冰球还没有真正赶上呃回家嗯
i love cricket not everyone loves qriket back home football is the main sport and i've actually made a video on football culture on my invid channel before you go any farther i should also mention
我喜欢板球不是每个人都喜欢qriket回家足球是主要运动，我实际上已经在我的invid频道上制作了一个关于足球文化的视频，然后再走得更远，我还应该提到
that what Benjamin means by football is different from my understanding of football when we're talking about Benjamin's um idea you understand it as soccer we talk about it as soccer and we
本杰明所说的足球与我对足球的理解不同，当我们谈论本杰明的乌姆想法时，你把它理解为足球，我们把它当作足球，我们
have american football which is you throw the ball and have helmets and things so you're saying that soccer football is um yeah it's number one yeah um from sort of middle of august through to may
有美式足球，这是你扔球，有头盔和东西，所以你说足球是嗯，是的，它是第一名是的，从八月中旬到五月
then it's a huge long season but yeah football is very popular whereas basketball baseball hockey um and american football i would say are more popular in north america um i don't really
然后这是一个巨大的漫长的赛季，但是的足球非常受欢迎，而篮球棒球曲棍球和美式足球我会说在北美更受欢迎，嗯，我真的不
know anyone who follows cricket or rugby um so i think those sports are less common here hopefully england are about to win the world cup final um in rugby i might be eating my words
认识任何关注板球或橄榄球的人，所以我认为这些运动在这里不太常见，希望英格兰即将赢得世界杯决赛，在橄榄球中，我可能会吃掉我的话
in a few days time but uh we'll see so what about um this is another difference i've heard about and i i noticed when i went and visited the uk is there seems to be a difference between pub culture
在几天的时间里，但呃，我们会看到，所以嗯，这是我听说过的另一个区别，当我去英国时，我注意到酒吧文化似乎有区别
and coffee culture and what i mean by that is in canada and the united states we often go for coffee coffee or you know coffee shops cafes they're very popular and a lot of our socializing
和咖啡文化，我的意思是在加拿大和美国，我们经常去喝咖啡，或者你知道咖啡店咖啡馆他们非常受欢迎，我们的很多社交活动
is spent in coffee shops what about in the uk i think it varies depending on where you are uh certainly you can find cafes like a traditional quite no-nonsense no frills cafe where you can go
在英国的咖啡店里花了多少钱，我认为它取决于你在哪里，当然你可以找到像一个传统的咖啡馆一样的咖啡馆，你可以去那里
in and get a great breakfast and a good old cup of tea of course we have the chains of coffee shops that are pretty much all over the world they are there there are also
在，得到一个很棒的早餐和一杯很好的老茶，当然我们有连锁的咖啡店，几乎遍布世界各地，他们在那里也有
independent coffee shops where you can get excellent cakes and um different hot drinks but are they seen as a place where people go and sit in front of a laptop perhaps um if you did
独立的咖啡店，在那里你可以买到美味的蛋糕和不同的热饮，但它们被视为一个人们去和坐在笔记本电脑前的地方，如果你这样做的话，也许嗯
that's not so accepted in in pubs which are seen as being a social place uh particularly in the evenings or during the weekends and it's a place where you can go and watch sports if it's a sports
在酒吧里，这不太被接受，这些酒吧被视为一个社交场所，特别是在晚上或周末，如果它是一项运动，你可以去观看体育运动的地方
pub and there's a big screen and there's music and pubs and pub quizzes so i think pubs have been an important part of different communities across the uk particularly in rural ones where
酒吧，有一个大屏幕，有音乐，酒吧和酒吧测验，所以我认为酒吧是英国不同社区的重要组成部分，特别是在农村地区
there aren't that many different places you can go to perhaps and they'll be i remember when i was working in a in a pub when i was 18 years old
也许没有那么多不同的地方可以去，他们会是我记得当我18岁时在酒吧工作时
really deep into the devon countryside and there was an auction of home-grown vegetables to celebrate harvest festival and then the local vicar came in and we all sang
真的很深入德文郡的乡村，有一个自家种植的蔬菜拍卖会来庆祝丰收节，然后当地的牧师进来了，我们都唱了
what was it we plow the fields and scatter um so it was really it was just very sort of just a good atmosphere good local atmosphere um not all pubs are like that some are
是什么我们犁田和散布嗯，所以它真的是非常好的气氛，良好的当地气氛嗯，不是所有的酒吧都像那样，有些是
not so nice to go to but you've got to pick the right one and so like in north america usually when we're talking about pubs we use the word bar there's a bit of a difference but
不是很好去，但你必须选择正确的一个，所以就像在北美一样，当我们谈论酒吧时，我们使用"酒吧"这个词，但有一点不同，但
in general people here at night they might go to bars to drink and to hang out with their friends but it's more of a party scene or maybe to watch sports whereas a pub sounds like it's actually
一般来说，晚上在这里的人可能会去酒吧喝酒，和朋友一起出去玩，但这更像是一个派对场景，或者可能是看体育比赛，而酒吧听起来好像是真的
more for the community or for families or um yeah it just depends and certainly there'll be nights in the year where it's geared up for celebration like new year's eve um one of the trends that
更多的是为社区或家庭，或者嗯，是的，这只是取决于，当然，一年中会有一些夜晚，它为庆祝像新年前夜一样做好准备，嗯，其中一个趋势是
we've been having in the pubs back in the uk is that they're going much more into the gastronomic side of things providing um quite high level food service that traditionally is just a place where
我们在英国的酒吧里一直在吃，他们正在更多地进入美食方面，提供相当高水平的食品服务，传统上只是一个地方
you went to go and have a pint but now it's a place where you go and have a two-course meal and maybe more inclusive of families okay and in terms of um in north america sometimes people
你去喝了一品脱，但现在这是一个你去吃两道菜的地方，也许更包容家庭，好吧，就北美有时人而言
go for drinks after work but it's not like you know so common it depends on the job you're doing it depends on the industry some people might go but a lot of people after work are tired and they
下班后去喝酒，但这并不像你知道那么普遍，这取决于你正在做的工作，这取决于行业，有些人可能会去，但很多人下班后都很累，他们
won't go to a bar in the uk do most people go to the pub after work no i wouldn't say so um i'd say that it's pretty similar um and it also depends on the life that you're living you know
不会去英国的酒吧，大多数人下班后去酒吧，我不会说，嗯，我会说这是非常相似的嗯，这也取决于你的生活，你知道
if you've got a dog back home that you need to go and walk then you don't go to the pub you go and walk the dog if you've got a young family to look after then it would be very selfish to sort
如果你家里有一只狗，你需要去散步，那么你就不会去酒吧遛狗，如果你有一个年轻的家庭要照顾，那么分类会非常自私
of go off to the pub for the whole evening so it depends on your individual responsibilities for a lot of people going to the pub is kind of a special event um like you know it's nice to go and
整个晚上去酒吧，所以这取决于你的个人责任，很多人去酒吧是一种特殊的事件，就像你知道去一样，很高兴去和
meet people obviously some people go more habitually but it's not the norm okay okay so that's interesting so maybe that was a bit of a stereotype i might have had about um british
遇到人显然有些人会更习惯，但这不是常态，所以这很有趣，所以也许这是我可能对英国有的刻板印象
pop culture we don't live there because that's the stereotype i had although sometimes they are very cozy places if they've got like a nice open fire um it can be a lovely place to go in the winter or
流行文化我们不住在那里，因为这是我的刻板印象，虽然有时他们是非常舒适的地方，如果他们有一个漂亮的篝火，它可以是一个可爱的地方，在冬天或
um certainly some of the country pubs i've been to like if i'm playing a game of crickets and then you have a lunch in the pub before you go and play cricket you know it's just part of um part of
嗯，当然一些乡村酒吧，我去过，如果我在玩板球比赛，然后你在酒吧吃午饭，然后你去打板球，你知道这只是嗯的一部分
life okay um so one thing i really noticed about British culture is it seems more acceptable to i think could you use the word winging grumble moan grumble um whereas here it sounds like
生活好吧，嗯，所以我真正注意到英国文化的一件事是，它似乎更容易被接受，我认为你可以使用"翅膀咕噜咕噜呻吟"嗯
or in north america we tend to have to show a very optimistic positive approach to things um so like if somebody asks you how you're doing you'll usually say oh you know everything's
或者在北美，我们往往必须对事情表现出非常乐观的积极态度，所以如果有人问你做得怎么样，你通常会说哦，你知道一切都是
wonderful or you try to look at the bright side there's a pressure to always seem positive on things do you find that's the same in in the uk i think certainly in a work context you
很棒，或者你试图看到光明的一面，有一种压力，总是对事情看起来很积极，你发现在英国是一样的，我认为在工作环境中肯定是一样的
have to be reasonably upbeat like no one wants to work with someone who is totally miserable the whole time because they sort of pull the energy down but i don't
必须保持相当乐观，就像没有人愿意和一个一直很痛苦的人一起工作，因为他们有点把能量拉下来，但我没有
think we have quite the same culture of perhaps self-help that is prevalent in north america um maybe it's something to do with the weather that uh we're maybe slightly more naturally pessimistic
认为我们有与北美流行的自助文化完全相同的文化，嗯，也许这与天气有关，呃，我们可能稍微自然地悲观一点
um i don't know um and i find that actually quite refreshing that's one of the reasons why i love meeting people from England um i like that culture where you can
嗯，我不知道嗯，我发现实际上很令人耳目一新，这是我喜欢结识来自英国的人的原因之一，我喜欢那种文化，你可以
you know jokingly moan and groan about the weather or work and i think it depends on different where you are in the UK um the county of Yorkshire up in the north east is they have
你知道开玩笑地呻吟和呻吟关于天气或工作，我认为这取决于你在英国的不同地方，约克郡在东北部是他们有
a particular reputation for calling a spade a spade um of saying things how they are um and i actually studied up there and i found the people i just enjoyed their honesty
一个特别的声誉，称一把铁锹为铁锹，他们说事情是怎么回事，我实际上在那里学习，我发现我只是喜欢他们的诚实的人
um okay so the next point is a very big point i would say between our cultures and that is the culture of tipping so when you go to a restaurant in england do you leave a tip
嗯，好吧，所以下一点是我们文化之间的一个非常重要的点，那就是小费文化，所以当你去英国的一家餐馆时，你会留下小费吗
yeah you're meant to yes um makes it sound like i don't um don't go to restaurants that often to be honest but i think the standard rule is 10 to 15 um but it's not sort of hugely in people's
是的，你的意思是是的嗯，听起来像我不嗯，不要经常去餐馆说实话，但我认为标准规则是10到15嗯，但它在人们的范围内并不是很大
awareness like yeah you're meant to give something to the people who work in restaurants um but i don't think it's as big a percentage as it is here here um in north america it's between 15
意识就像是的，你注定要给在餐馆工作的人一些东西嗯，但我不认为它像这里那么大，在北美，它在15之间
and 25 um in Canada usually people tip about 15 but in the united states it can be higher like 20 or 25 um but it is a big part of the meal you often have people pull out their calculators
和25 um 在加拿大，通常人们小费大约15，但在美国，它可以更高，如20或25 um，但它是用餐的重要组成部分，你经常让人们拿出他们的计算器
and try to figure out exactly the 15 or just you know do the math to make sure that they're leaving an appropriate tip do you think it makes the service better no even if the service
并尝试找出确切的15或只是你知道做数学，以确保他们留下适当的提示，你认为它使服务更好，即使服务
is terrible people still probably will tip right um so i think that is a big difference and i think we also tip more workers we don't just tip in restaurants we tip hairdressers taxicab drivers um
是可怕的人仍然可能会给小费，所以我认为这是一个很大的区别，我认为我们也给更多的工人小费，我们不只是在餐馆给小费，我们给理发师出租车司机小费嗯
you know bartenders so there's a lot of different people we we tip here with taxis i mean a lot of it is done on uber these days and they can ask you afterwards
你知道调酒师，所以有很多不同的人，我们在这里用出租车小费，我的意思是这些天很多都是在uber上完成的，他们可以在之后问你
um on that app if you want to to tip um if you get a black cab in london i think it's quite standard to leave a small tip but it's not kind of a set in stone how much you're meant to be giving um
um在那个应用程序上，如果你想给小费，如果你在伦敦得到一辆黑色出租车，我认为留下一个小提示是相当标准的，但这并不是一成不变的，你打算给嗯多少钱
yeah if you go to a hairdresser then again it's polite to give some sort of tip but you're not going to have a percentage in your head i must give this okay so
是的，如果你去理发店，那么再次给一些小费是礼貌的，但你不会在你的脑海中有一个百分比，我必须给这个好吧
that i guess is one of the differences whether or not you know we almost have an agreed upon percentage an unwritten rule an unwritten rule that's a good way to describe it
我想这是区别之一，你是否知道我们几乎有一个商定的百分比一个不成文的规则，一个不成文的规则，这是描述它的好方法
um we talked a little bit earlier Benjamin and i about education and we found that the education systems of our countries are quite different um specifically we were talking about high school
嗯，我们之前谈过本杰明和我关于教育，我们发现我们国家的教育体系是完全不同的，特别是我们谈论的是高中
i often hear British people talk about a levels and that has always been very confusing for me because we don't have a levels in north america what do you call the sort of 1718
我经常听到英国人谈论一个水平，这对我来说一直非常混乱，因为我们在北美没有一个水平，你称之为1718年的那种
the examination at that point so in north america we in high school there tends to be four years the first year is called the freshman year second year is sophomore then there is junior and then
考试在那个时候，所以在北美，我们在高中往往有四年，第一年被称为大一第二年是大二，然后是大三，然后是大三
senior in the united states at the during the senior year students will write a test called the sats in canada we do not have this test um but the results of that test in the united states
在美国的高年级学生期间，学生将写一个名为sats的测试，在加拿大我们没有这个测试，但在美国的测试结果
decides where you might be accepted for university in canada it's all based on your your grades sure um what about in in the uk yeah i mean the grades are absolutely essential to getting into the
决定你可能被加拿大大学录取的地方，这一切都取决于你的成绩，确定嗯，在英国怎么样，是的，我的意思是成绩对于进入
university of your choice if you're deciding to do that some people do choose to leave education at the age of 16 to go and do vocational training i. e apprenticeships but the main public exams are
你选择的大学，如果你决定这样做，有些人确实选择在16岁时离开学校去做职业培训，即学徒制，但主要的公开考试是
gcse where you typically study around nine subjects the core ones of English maths sciences some people do individual sciences some do them kind of lump together most people do a modern
gcse，你通常学习大约九门科目，英语数学科学的核心科目有些人做个人科学，有些人把它们混为一谈，大多数人做一个现代
language in a modern language it's typical to have to choose between geography and history and then do a humanity subject or an art subject and then after you finish gcse which is age
现代语言中的语言 通常必须在地理和历史之间进行选择，然后做一个人性科目或艺术科目，然后在你完成gcse（年龄）之后
roughly about 15 you then sort of narrow it down to about three subjects and depending on how the school's sort of timetabling is worked out you can basically choose whatever you're most interested
大约15个，然后把它缩小到大约三个科目，根据学校的时间表是如何制定的，你基本上可以选择你最感兴趣的任何东西
in um as i say about three subjects that you will study for two years okay so that is very different and so based on this test does that decide what you can do for your a levels um
在um中，正如我所说的关于三个科目，你将学习两年好吧，所以这是非常不同的，所以基于这个测试，决定你可以为你做些什么，你是一个水平um
so yeah you i mean the gcse results come out um in august and you're going to be starting the a-level course in September so um it does your gcse results could impact on whether you get to
所以是的，你我的意思是gcse结果在八月出来，你将在九月份开始a-level课程，所以嗯，你的gcse结果可能会影响你是否到达
continue at a certain school or not but you will have already decided what course you're looking to do at a level before you get the results gotcha um one other question i had about education was i
继续留在某所学校或不继续，但你已经决定了你想要在某个级别上做什么课程，然后才得到结果，嗯，我对教育的另一个问题是我
sometimes hear about grammar schools yeah what are those so a grammar school is a selective entry school so the school can choose which students um study there but they are part of the
有时听说文法学校是的，那些是什么，所以文法学校是一所选择性入学学校，所以学校可以选择哪些学生在那里学习，但他们是
government education so they are funded by the government maintained by the government um some people think we should have more grammar schools some people think we should have less
政府教育，所以他们是由政府资助的，由政府维护嗯，有些人认为我们应该有更多的文法学校，有些人认为我们应该少一些
but um yeah they are kind of top government maintained schools okay so this is a dumb question but why the name grammar schools like is grammar a huge topic at them to be perfectly honest
但是嗯，是的，他们是顶级政府维护的学校，所以这是一个愚蠢的问题，但为什么语法学校的名字是语法一个巨大的话题，要完全诚实
i don't know the answer to that question emma um what i would say though is um that there's lots of league tables in the uk so based on sort of exam results and looking at
我不知道这个问题的答案 艾玛嗯，我想说的是，嗯，英国有很多排行榜，所以基于考试成绩和查看
how much progress students make and we have a government approved in inspection body called ofsted that gives gradings all the way from sort of nurseries up to secondary school level
学生取得了多大的进步，我们有一个政府批准的检查机构，名为ofsted，从幼儿园到中学一直给予评分
so it's quite easy to read um the inspection reports on schools to see how good they are and there's um they're easily either classified as like totally adequate requires improvement
因此，很容易阅读学校的检查报告，看看它们有多好，并且很容易将它们归类为完全足够的需要改进
good or outstanding and the outstanding schools will advertise that on their website and some of those top schools can be quite difficult to get into and parents make agonizing
优秀或优秀，优秀的学校将在他们的网站上做广告，其中一些顶尖学校可能很难进入，家长们会感到痛苦
decisions on where to live often based on the school's um and what's called the catchment area which basically means where you have to live to go to those schools okay okay interesting
根据学校的嗯和所谓的集水区决定住在哪里，这基本上意味着你必须住在哪里去那些学校好吧，好有趣
so yes there are quite a few differences between the educational systems and thank you for answering that question because i've been wondering about these grammar schools for quite a
所以是的，教育系统之间有很多差异，谢谢你回答这个问题，因为我一直在想这些语法学校相当长
while now i'll have to look that up for you okay so we've covered education holidays and weekends what do people in the uk usually do for holidays and on the weekend well um let's talk about
虽然现在我必须为你查找，好吧，我们已经涵盖了教育假期和周末，英国人通常为假期做些什么，在周末好吧，让我们谈谈
holidays first i think it depends on the family and um you know financially what they're able to do um and whether they prefer taking a holiday in the summer or easter because school holidays
假期首先我认为这取决于家庭和嗯，你在经济上知道他们能做什么，以及他们更喜欢在夏天或复活节度假，因为学校假期
there's at least two weeks in the Easter holiday at least two weeks at Christmas where some people go away then but there's the longer holiday in the summer the school holiday is six weeks long
复活节假期至少有两周，圣诞节至少有两周，有些人会离开，但夏天的假期更长，学校假期长达六周
i mean it just depends like people a lot of people go to France um there's gorgeous places in Brittany and um my some of my family go to France every year and really take pride in practicing
我的意思是，这只是取决于人们很多人去法国，布列塔尼有华丽的地方，嗯，我的一些家人每年都去法国，真的为练习而感到自豪
their french and speaking to the local people but you know it just depends there are there are holidays you can have in the UK um you can fly to anywhere in Europe within
他们的法语和当地人说话，但你知道它只是取决于有假期，你可以在英国有假期，你可以飞往欧洲的任何地方
uh two to three hours maximum so you know Barcelona where i lived for a while is easily accessible you've got the Greek islands which are a fantastic place to go on a summer holiday
呃，最多两到三个小时，所以你知道巴塞罗那我住了一段时间很容易到达，你有希腊岛屿，这是一个暑假的好地方
it just depends on what's affordable and the preference of that family okay so i guess it's similar we have a lot of people who go to the caribbean for holidays or to mexico uh those
它只是取决于负担得起的东西和那个家庭的偏好，所以我想这是相似的，我们有很多人去加勒比海度假或去墨西哥，那些
are very common destinations for north americans because i guess they're closer and the airfare is usually cheaper um but what about on the weekends what do people in the uk tend to do
是北美人非常常见的目的地，因为我想他们更近，机票通常更便宜，但在周末，英国人倾向于做什么
on the weekends and i know this is a big question but maybe some of the common activities i mean i can only sort of answer for um our family like i've got little nephews and nieces and they're
在周末，我知道这是一个大问题，但也许是一些常见的活动，我的意思是我只能回答我们的家人，就像我有小侄子和侄女一样，他们是
sort of doing sports clubs um learning tennis going swimming uh playing in the local teams um and then um they also do music so sometimes they'll go off on like a sort of music camp and
有点像做体育俱乐部嗯学习网球去游泳呃在当地球队玩嗯，然后嗯，他们也做音乐，所以有时他们会像一种音乐营一样离开
play in some sort of concert at the end of that we've got a dog so we end up doing quite a lot of walks in the countryside meeting up with
在某种音乐会上玩，最后我们有一只狗，所以我们最终在乡下散步，与见面
um you know i've got a young family so going to children's birthday parties and that kind of thing um it depends on people's interests if they're into the uh the great outdoors
嗯，你知道我有一个年轻的家庭，所以去参加孩子的生日派对，那种事情嗯，这取决于人们的兴趣，如果他们喜欢呃，户外活动
whether they go canoeing um trekking up mount snowdon or whether they prefer being at home and doing some gardening or whether they're young and students they like going out and
无论他们是去划独木舟，还是在雪山上徒步旅行，或者他们是否喜欢在家里做一些园艺，或者他们是否年轻和学生，他们喜欢出去和
there's a lot of variety um one of the things that's very common in north america is brunch a lot of people do sunday brunch on the weekend where you meet up with your friends and you
有很多种类，嗯，在北美很常见的一件事是早午餐，很多人在周末做周日早午餐，在那里你和你的朋友见面
have it's not quite breakfast it's not quite lunch it's the meal in between so it usually happens around 11am and it's called brunch so a lot of people will find different brunch
不是早餐，不是午餐，而是中间的一餐，所以它通常发生在上午11点左右，它被称为早午餐，所以很多人会发现不同的早午餐
venues and they will eat together and just talk about their life but that's going out to like a cafe rather than having it in a person's home yes so usually it happens at a restaurant um and so
场地，他们会一起吃饭，只是谈论他们的生活，但那是出去像咖啡馆，而不是把它放在一个人家里，是的，所以通常它发生在一家餐馆，嗯，所以
many restaurants here will advertise their brunch specials which um usually the food is different than other meals okay um in the uk the traditional sunday meal is the sunday roast uh which is
这里的许多餐馆都会宣传他们的早午餐特色菜，嗯，通常食物与其他餐点不同，在英国，传统的周日餐点是周日烤肉，这是
typically if you eat meat um you know you could have rice chicken roast beef roast lamb served with potatoes carrots um some people don't like brussels sprouts parsnips you know other kind of
通常，如果你吃肉嗯，你知道你可以有米饭鸡肉烤牛肉烤羊肉配土豆胡萝卜嗯有些人不喜欢球芽甘蓝欧洲防风草你知道其他类型的
root vegetables with gravy um and then a pudding like um apple crumble was a very sort of british dish so yeah it's a it's a slightly later meal um but what i do like about um you know sundays
根茎蔬菜与肉汁嗯，然后一个布丁像乌姆苹果脆是一种非常英国菜，所以是的，这是一个稍微晚一点的饭嗯，但我喜欢嗯，你知道星期天
in europe is the kind of some of the shops have like reduced opening times and it does feel like a quieter day whereas here actually most stores are open on sundays okay maybe 5 p. m 6 p. m
在欧洲，一些商店喜欢减少营业时间，它确实感觉像是一个更安静的一天，而实际上这里大多数商店在周日营业，也许5 p.m 6 p.m
yeah in the uk it's to about 4 p. m in the supermarkets okay and oh sorry i just realized what i meant by holidays here i didn't actually mean travel holidays i actually meant
是的，在英国，大约4.m在超市里，好吧，对不起，我刚刚意识到我在这里度假的意思，我实际上并不是意味着旅行假期，我实际上意味着旅行假期
holidays we celebrate like halloween well halloween's big here isn't it i mean i caught the bus here this evening and i must have seen like a billion pumpkins and some of them are absolutely
假期我们庆祝像万圣节一样好万圣节在这里很大不是我的意思是我今天晚上在这里赶上了公共汽车，我一定看到了像十亿个南瓜，其中一些绝对是
huge and the way that you guys have decorated some of your porches um is really creative you showed me a picture the other day of um somewhere in your neighborhood what was it that you'd seen um so
巨大，你们装饰一些门廊的方式真的很有创意，你前几天在我附近的某个地方给我看了一张照片，你看到了什么嗯嗯
there was a house that was decorated with um like a medical scene of a surgery happening that had gone wrong so you had a doctor with um you know a bunch of blood on on him and just it was a really
有一个房子装饰着嗯，就像一个医疗场景，一个手术发生，出了问题，所以你有一个医生，你知道他身上有一堆血，只是这是一个真正的
ghastly scene of what could go wrong in a hospital but it was like somebody's Halloween decorations like outside their house um yeah it's cool so Halloween is huge here um what are the other big
可怕的场景，在医院里可能会出错，但它就像某人的万圣节装饰品一样，就像在他们的房子外面一样，嗯，是的，这很酷，所以万圣节在这里是巨大的嗯，其他的大是什么
festivals i would say Christmas is huge new year's we also have Canadian thanksgiving in Canada in the united states there's american thanksgiving in the u. s american thanksgiving is a huge holiday
节日 我会说圣诞节是巨大的新年，我们也有加拿大感恩节在加拿大在美国有美国感恩节在美国美国感恩节是一个巨大的假期
um whereas in Canada it's it's a smaller scale holiday but thanksgiving is a popular holiday in both countries um and otherwise i guess Easter's popular um you know the fourth of july is popular
嗯，而在加拿大，这是一个规模较小的假期，但感恩节是两个国家的热门节日嗯，否则我猜复活节很受欢迎，你知道7月4日很受欢迎
in the united states in Canada we have Canada day which is July 1st so they're around the same time okay what about in the UK Christmas everyone loves Christmas particularly if it snows if it
在美国在加拿大，我们有加拿大日，这是7月1日，所以他们在同一时间，在英国圣诞节，每个人都喜欢圣诞节，特别是如果下雪，如果
snows at Christmas then everyone's very happy well most people are um what do we have well the Irish like celebrating st Patrick's day a lot of Guinness is consumed then
圣诞节下雪然后每个人都很开心，大多数人都是嗯，我们有什么好爱尔兰人喜欢庆祝圣帕特里克节，很多吉尼斯被消耗了
but we don't really celebrate the saints like they do in in spain for example new year people enjoy they call it hog money up in Scotland um Easter is is not a huge uh hugely celebrated
但我们并不真正庆祝圣徒，就像他们在西班牙所做的那样，例如新年人们喜欢他们称之为苏格兰的猪钱，嗯，复活节不是一个巨大的呃，非常庆祝
um but people will typically you know you'll get a few days off and people will go to family and have lunch then we don't have the sort of independence thing beginning of july so
嗯，但人们通常会知道你会得到几天的休息时间，人们会去家人吃午饭，然后我们没有七月初的那种独立的事情，所以
i think maybe it's a lot of it is orientated about the around the sporting calendar for example we've got wimbledon fortnite um that june um and you know the different kind of sporting events
我想也许它很多都是关于体育日历的，例如我们有温布尔登堡垒之夜，六月嗯，你知道不同类型的体育赛事
sometimes give a bit of a shape to the year okay okay so again different countries different holidays it looks like so we've covered a lot of well some similarities but many differences
有时给一年一点形状好吧，所以再次不同的国家不同的假期，它看起来像，所以我们已经涵盖了很多相似之处，但有很多不同之处
between our cultures today um so i just wanted to thank Benjamin for joining me today it's been a pleasure having you and i wanted to invite you to um take a quiz based on what you heard in this
今天在我们的文化之间嗯，所以我只想感谢本杰明今天加入我，很高兴有你，我想邀请你根据你听到的内容进行测验
video um just we're going to cover some of the major differences between British culture and north american culture so you can take this quiz at www. engvid. com i also would like to invite
视频嗯，我们将介绍英国文化和北美文化之间的一些主要差异，因此您可以在 www.engvid.com 上进行此测验，我也想邀请
you to subscribe to our channels I've checked out Benjamin's channel and it is amazing there are a lot of great resources there on English language learning on the voice and many other topics
你订阅我们的频道，我已经检查了本杰明的频道，令人惊讶的是，有很多很棒的资源，关于英语语言学习的声音和许多其他主题
so when you check out our channels don't forget to ring the bell to subscribe that way you can find out what new notifications or you will get new notifications for any videos that we've
因此，当您查看我们的频道时，请不要忘记按铃订阅，这样您就可以找出哪些新通知，或者您将获得我们已有的任何视频的新通知
done um did i leave anything out Benjamin i think you covered everything very well Emma all right well thank you again for coming and visiting and until next time take care
做了嗯，我留下了任何东西本杰明，我认为你覆盖了一切，艾玛很好，好吧，再次感谢，再见。
